Bhunga Architecture

From Rural Bhungas to Global Galleries: Commercialization and Preservation of Mudwork Art

The traditional mud-and-mirror relief craft of Gujarat’s Kutch region, known as 'Lippan Kaam' (Mudwork), has historically served as an integral architectural and cultural element of the circular mud houses (Bhungas) built by indigenous communities such as the Rabari and Mutwa. Beyond aesthetic enhancement, this art provided a functional mechanism for thermal insulation in harsh desert climates. This research paper traces the evolution of Mudwork art as it transitioned from non-commercial vernacular wall murals to high-end global art galleries and contemporary interior spaces.